At the Construction Summit held in 2001 it was agreed that there was Essay

At the Construction Summit held in 2001 it was concurred that there was no brisk answer for the business' wellbeing and security issues - Essay Example d on the Health and Safety Commission since 1974, after the Health and Safety at Work (HSW) Act; an Act dependent on the conviction that ‘disease prompts the cure’, consequently the bodies that make chances additionally conveyed the way to ridden themselves of them (Robens, 1972). This Act presented an objective situated, down to earth approach that made ready for neighborhood bodies to utilize new administrative structures which prompted the advancement of Health and Safety. The HSW Act prompted the production of two new bodies, which were: The HSC served to make sure about wellbeing, security and the general prosperity of the laborers while making overall population mindfulness and HSE works close by HSC and upholds wellbeing and wellbeing laws and guidelines. Since 1974, observable advancement has been made and has prompted amazing outcomes, for example, the aggregate and complete disposal of the risk of development yet issues, for example, Construction stay unabated which keeps the circumstance at a stop. The executives and laborers should be made mindful of the approaching dangers of development. With an end goal to make concrete and generous focuses on the administration alongside HSC propelled the ‘Revitalising wellbeing and security strategy’ in 2000. This was to straightforwardly feature the word related peril in the work place. After the presentation of this methodology, the Construction culmination occurred on 27th February 2001, drove by the Deputy Prime Minister, John Prescott. The poor record of care and wellbeing in the development part prompted the acknowledgment that estimates should have been taken to change the situation. The business was obliged to focus on an adjustment in execution that would for all intents and purposes be illustrated. The goal behind this culmination was to, grab the eye of the higher authorities of the Construction Industry and to draw in them in issues of wellbeing and security which were a genuine aim of worry for the work power. The legislature was urged to propose and receive their own arrangements of managing matters that were

HRM SCENARIOS ASSIGMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM SCENARIOS ASSIGMENT - Essay Example From that point forward, Tesco has made some amazing progress and has confronted numerous adjustments in its corporate system. There are sure highlights of Tesco PLC which help in its separation from other retail mammoths. First is its 'comprehensive offer' which has caused Tesco to speak to all fragments of business sectors along these lines pulling in clients from all gatherings of salaries upper, medium and low and consequently make it a one-stop search for an a variety of products. Second, Tesco has proliferated utilization of its 'own-image items' and in this way put forth the best of attempts to beat hesitance looked by client in buying own-brands, as they are considered to earn more benefits for a grocery store. Thirdly, one of the key highlights of Tesco's approach is 'Client Focus' which is placed into impact by moving concentration from 'amplification of investor worth' to have an unambiguous spotlight on client assistance as the top point of the organization, subsequently likewise making higher benefits. Home Market-Tesco centers around the center UK business which includes basic food item retailing in its home market. It is additionally taking a gander at extending by making a move into the accommodation store segment which is a thought in any case evaded by general stores. Non-food business-In 2006, Tesco had effectively figured out how to turn into the biggest non-food retailer in the UK. ... Retailing administrations Going above and beyond, Tesco is additionally into administrations like individual money, telecoms, and different utilities. It has figured out how to battle rivalry in these fields by going into joint endeavors with the huge players in this way expanding its client base and brand quality. Global - In 1994, Tesco began to grow universally and by February 2006 almost a fourth of its deals were a consequence of its worldwide activities. Its significant creating markets are available in Central Europe, Far East and the United States. Future Scenario-1 The middle purpose of this future situation depends on the supposition that Asda, the second greatest retail location in U.K. furthermore, an auxiliary of Wal-Mart, the world's greatest retail location, takes over Tesco. At present Tesco is the replenishing retail location in U.K. with a piece of the pie of about 30.6%, more than serve as that of its nearest rival Asda. Grocery store Piece of the overall industry (%) Tesco 30.6 Asda 16.6 Sainsbury's 16.3 Morrison's 11.1 Somerfield 5.4 Waitrose 3.7 Iceland 1.8 Source: TNS (2006) On the off chance that Tesco looses out its piece of the overall industry to Asda ,inferable from basic strategy changes by Asda then even with such rivalry, Tesco would need to fundamentally inspect its needs and clutch its client base. As indicated by extrapolation of the present situation, the likelihood of such a case to happen is exceptionally less. In any case, if Wal-bazaar concentrates more on the working of Asda giving out its important aptitudes and experience, this could occur in merely 5-7 years. HRM suggestions This would mean basic changes in the HR the board of Tesco. It would need to attempt different measures so as to battle the

The Great Wifi Outage of 2007

The Great Wifi Outage of 2007 (Keep voting, guys! Remember, the poll closes at midnight PST on October 28th. Thanks a lot!) At around 1:30 AM on Tuesday, October 16th, Burton-Conners internet went out. Somewhat analogous to the power outage days of yore, the internet outage hit the dorm like a tsunami hysterical shrieks of people who were unable to submit HASS papers filled the air, as freshmen were trampled by upperclassmen rioting to reset the router. Someone on Burton 4 declared loudly that it was all due to those worthless Conner 3 residents, and a bloody dormwide revolution ignited when someone whipped their shirt around their head and declared, YOU CAN TAKE OUR WIFI, BUT YOU CANT TAKE OUR FREEDOM!! Entire monitors from Athena clusters were flung through the air and UROP proposals were set ablaze as the scent of carnage spread over all of dorm row, until all of West Campus caught the fever and engaged in a vicious and terrible battle to the death. (Well, not really we all just convened to complain about how we could no longer Facebook in lieu of working. Then the 133 suite made a Claymation video. Caution! Mild condiment violence to follow. In case youre wondering, these kinds of things dont often happen here (the internet outage, not the Claymation videos.) The only similar event I can recall would be the epic e-mail failure of po14 last spring. Look for Evans blog about how it occurred later on this week.) Its hard to get time to yourself sometimes, but being wifi-less definitely helped. Between problem sets (that sometimes take all day), neuroanatomy exams (shortly followed by a lecture on why squares A and B are the SAME COLOR I still think its all a big lie), dance practice, MedLinking almost everyone on my hall for some lack-of-sleep-related illness thats going around, Saturday overnight shifts on the ambulance, and long hot showers trying to scrub off that Saturday overnight shift on the ambulance, Ive barely had any time to breathe and Im sure you guys feel the same way between senior year APs, last minute SAT IIs and college applications. If theres any part of the application process youd like me to focus on in particular first, let me know! Heres more of your questions: Nihar queried: I was wondering how and where do students interact with their professors outside of class?? Are they easily approachable any time of the day? (cz in my high school, we tail them throughout the school until theyre cornered and then attack them with our queries;),though I think that wont be possible for someone at MITwill it?) Melissa similarly queried: Im coming from a school with a class of 200 each. That worries me I dont know what itll be like to be in a class where I dont know everyones name, and not everyone knows mine! And the whole finding friends, being without family, all that Im worried =( Do teachers even know your name? Yeah.. its kind of a scary thought, right? Throughout high school, its not that hard to know your teachers class sizes generally fall around 30, and there are always seating charts to fall back on. Plus, filling out those attendance sheets every day of the year generally got them to knowing about how Brian Johnson was always cutting class, or how you were always on time (you were always on time, werent you?)(Thats okay, I wasnt). In college, though, there arent any seating charts. And at first, it can be really intimidating because you start out taking General Institute Requirements (GIRs), which everyone takes. So the number of students in lecture blows up to the point that if you skip class, nobody will notice except you, when youre rudely awakened by the fact that you dont know whats going on (so dont skip class! Its different for recitation, though; they usually fall around 20 and its really easy to be good buddies with your TAs. I friend mine on Facebook.). So the professor doesnt have to know you it isnt that they dont want to; its just that they dont have time to get to know everyone who falls out of bed and into 10-250. The responsibility is now yours to form a student-teacher relationship. Otherwise theyll just lecture at you, and youll just be another face in a sea of 200+. If you go to your professors office hours, which theyll post on the class website or announce in class, theyll eventually get to know you. If you approach them after lecture and ask how they got the number of atomic orbitals in that cycloaddition problem, theyll remember your face a little better. But if you dont engage yourself in making it happen, it wont. Even if they just stand up there and lecture at you, though, you shouldnt be intimidated not to try your professors are still human, and most of them are pretty interesting people. Some are pretty interesting characters, like my 7.03 professor: (Professor Fink is also a widely-renowned geneticist and the former director of the Whitehead Institute, as well as a pioneer in developing new techniques to introduce foreign DNA to yeast. His work set the basis for several new developments i.e. using yeast to manufacture antibiotics and other drugs, as well as studying similar pathways in more complex organisms. Recently he lead research in engineering the yeast genome to more efficiently produce ethanol.) As you progress at MIT and declare a major, your class sizes will generally fall to around 50 or so, and lab classes are even smaller. It just depends on how big your department is. In all cases, whether youre intimidated by your class size or not, professors are usually very approachable and willing to help. Mike has one question: I have one question: How do people normally work meals since MIT doesnt have a meal plan? MIT does have a meal plan! It only applies to people who live in dining halls, though, and its a slightly controversial because it has its imperfections. MIT has a monetary system called Tech Cash, which is basically like a debit card that works anywhere on campus (and a few places off-campus, i.e. Au Bon Pan and Dominos), as well as for stuff like vending machines, laundry machines, etc. People who live in dorms with dining halls (Baker, Next, McCormick and Simmons) pay $300 at the beginning of a semester to help keep the dining hall open, and then get half off every time they eat there that way, theres no points or whatever people have left over at the semester (itll just carry over). An article in The Tech last year actually revealed that in order to break even youd need to spend at least $10 in the dining hall every night, though, and people rarely do that- often times its just easier to grab something from the student center, or go out to eat, or order in from Campus Food. So like most meal plans, its not perfect. But it at least allows some flexibility, which is good for those days you get sick of stir fry all the time. Anonymous asked: Is it possible to get good grades at MIT if someone enrolls at the institute from a small, rural high school that didnt prepare a student as well in math/science as gigantic suburban schools? I understand that going to college is not about just getting that GPA but learning new things. But if a student is planning on attending graduate schools, what if he/she cant get into the schools he/she wants to because that person struggles at MIT to maintain a reasonable GPA? Yes, its absolutely possible. But itll take dedication, patience, and a little bit of tolerance for the seemingly endless stream of people who dont work half as hard as you and end up doing twice as well. My high school preparation was certainly not perfect. Ill be honest I picked up bad study techniques because I could get by, even excel, by coasting for weeks at a time and then cramming two nights before the exam. It doesnt work at MIT. The way you approach your work is often times much more vital than the background youve acquired, as your work ethic is a product of your own doing and your background isnt. And while a good GPA is an important factor in applying for grad schools (I certainly cant speak for all schools, since I have little personal experience in this area), Ill guess that its probably similar to applying for undergraduate programs, and your GPA is just a number. It puts you in a category that may qualify you for that school, but wont necessarily be a deal breaker. Either way, if youre thinking about passing up applying to MIT just because youre worried your GPA wont be as high as it will be at other schools, you should know that 1) that isnt what you come to MIT for, and 2) that isnt the only things grad schools are looking for. Paul has a couple more things to add. Paul? Basically, the admissions department is not going to admit a student who, in their opinion, cannot shoulder the workload at MIT. As I now know firsthand, MIT is a hard school but the kids who get into MIT are also pretty smartand they know how to ask for help when they need it. Also, at MIT, first-semester freshmen have the advantage of Pass/No-Record which basically means that first-semester freshmen do not have to worry about their GPA at all, because they dont have one yet. P.S. The Advising Support page also has some entries that you may find useful. Constantin (not Istanbul) pondered: How does the application fee waiver work? Do I have to wait until the letter from my school reaches the Admission Office and only then submit my application? anon also pondered: is it possible to submit the part 1 of the application by choosing the fee waiver option yet not having sent the fee waiver request yet? Ralph continued to ponder: How should we intimate the colleges(not necessarily just MIT) that were sending in a application fee waiver request?(email and tell them?what if i dont get a reply? Should i still go ahead and send in the request?) Constantin no! Anon yes! Ralph Nance recently addressed this question; Jen 11 (who lives next door to me and bikes like fourteen miles a day) also articulated this fully: Collegeboard offers application waivers to students who qualify for the SAT waivers, which can be used at good number of colleges. Otherwise, you can just get a letter written by your school counselor or maybe family accountant saying that paying the application fee puts a financial burden on your family. I recommend you list some numbers if you can (otherwise they might wait until they see your FAFSA/CSS profile?). If youre smart, you can distribute the collegeboard waivers and school counselor/family accountant letters among the majority of your colleges and only end up paying for a few. Youll save your family a LOT of money (because as we all know, the whole college applying-to can get pretty freakin expensive). But dont send in waivers or requests for them if your familys relatively well off. Hope this helps! And good luck with the application process guys dont forget to breathe once and a while. Amen to that. Breathe, guys youre almost there.

A Spring Morning at Grandma’s Antique Shop Essay - 1493 Words

The sun catches on the many colors of transparent glass: Forest green, cobalt blue, peachy pink, and amber yellow forms a surrealistic prism around the room. In the swirling colors, Victorian dolls dance. This is the image that comes to mind when I think of a spring morning at Grandma’s Antique Shop. Gravel crunches as I walk toward the old gray house. Above the steps is a baby blue sign that reads Todds Treasures, a hoe and rake form a pyramid over the sign. The steps are wooden and give gently with each quick step I take. The sleigh bells on the door jingles as I open it calling, Hello Grandma. My voice echoes and Grandma says hello from wherever she is, usually the desk. The smell of cinnamon gently envelops me as I step†¦show more content†¦In the window behind the desk are things that are not for sell; these are the most treasured of Todds Treasures, and any family members who visit are sure to study each item. A poster that once hung in the Post Office, where Grandmas Grandmother worked, proclaims Davis Auction Bulletin. In a small frame is a dirty red, white, and blue ribbon on it is July 4,1912 Veteran 1861-65. This ribbon was awarded to my Great Great Great Grandfather, a confederate veteran on the fourth of July in 1912. A yellowed newspaper clipping states Game Warden wounded in gun battle. A black and white photograph of an old black couple is sitting in the windowsill, and a large black and white picture of a family reunion sits hangs on the wall. Near the desk are two chairs, where you can sit and talk to Grandma. Down the middle of the room are three wash stands. On the back one, is a gold Candelabra with angels who hold crystals. Jewelry, pocket watches, arrowheads, old coins, confederate bills, and a tin top are in the display case. On top of it is a tin toy train. It is painted yellow, green, blue and red. Behind the display case, are boards where necklaces and earrings hang. Most of the shelves in this room contain glass items. There are milk white pieces throughout the room; they were produced through the 50s and into the 70s by a potting company in Ohio. There is a beautiful collection of panel grape; grapevines grow all over the white panels of

Analysis Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest By Ken Kelsey

Healing Methods One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kelsey, is a novel that exposed the mental hospitals in the 1960s. The main nurse in the story is Nurse Ratched. Nurse Ratched believes in three forms of healing known as group therapy sessions, lobotomy, and ETC, Electroshock therapy. The novel displays the use of therapy and how sometimes physical therapy isn’t the best therapy for patients. The nurse uses the ward and her therapy methods cohesively to bring the patient s back to â€Å"normal†. Miss Ratched, the nurse and leader on the ward, and a former army nurse has designed a system with a rigorous maintained schedule and two styles of treatment in order to bring the patients back into a normal society. The ward which Miss Ratched†¦show more content†¦Miss Ratched has distractions so covered up that the black boys, â€Å"All three wear starched snow-white pants and white shirts with metal snaps down one side and white shoes polished like ice, and the shoes have red rubber soles silent as mice up and down the hall.†(31) Miss Ratched herself doesn’t pose as a distraction for the patients being a female with large breasts, always covering them up, or pulling them close to her body as if to show she is not there for the patient s pleasure but there to help them on the road to recovery. The ward is so meticulous about who works there that â⠂¬Å"The doctors last three weeks, three months. Until she finally settles for a little man with a big wide forehead†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (29) â€Å"Her three daytime black boys she acquires after more years of testing and rejecting thousands.†(29) The nurse has taken several years to acquire a single doctor, and three daytime black boys whom each work like clockwork with her and do not have to be given verbal orders rather they just know when and where to do their jobs and how their jobs should be done. Not only does the nurse use such a detailed plan to run her ward, she also incorporates into this plan; group therapy. Group therapy as McMurphy puts is a † ‘pecking party’.

Oops (Bca) Free Essays

string(37) " will consist of Two parts, A and B\." Punjab Technical University Jalandhar Syllabus Scheme (1st to 6th Semester) For Bachelors in Computer Applications (BCA) Applicable from August 2005 Onwards STUDY SCHEME FOR BCA SEMESTER -1 Code BCA-101 BCA-102 BCA-103 BCA-104 BCA-105 BCA-106 BCA -107 BCA -108 TOTAL SEMESTER -2 Code BCA-201 BCA-202 BCA-203 BCA-204 BCA-205 BCA -206 BCA -207 TOTAL Subject Principles of Management System Analysis Design Math-I (Discrete) Data Structures Digital Ckt. Logic Design Hardware Lab-I (BC -205) Software Lab-III (BC-204) L 48 48 48 24 32 200 P 0 0 0 24 16 40 TOTAL 48 48 48 48 48 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. We will write a custom essay sample on Oops (Bca) or any similar topic only for you Order Now 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 Subject Introduction to Information Technology Math (Bridge Course) Basic Accounting Programming in C Communication Skills (Business Communication) Communication Soft Skills Software Lab –I(BC-101 103 Software Lab –II(BC-104) L 24 48 32 24 48 30 206 P 24 0 16 24 0 64 TOTAL 48 48 48 48 48 30 270 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 50 25 25 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 50 100 100 750 SEMESTER – 3 Code BCA-301 BCA-302 BCA-303 BCA-304 BCA-305 BCA -306 BCA -307 TOTAL SEMESTER -4 Code Subject L P TOTAL INT. EXT. TOTAL MARKS Subject Math-II (Computer Oriented Methods) Management Information Systems Software Engineering Object Oriented Programming in C++ Introduction to Microprocessor Software Lab –IV (BC-304) Hardware Lab –II (BC-305) L 30 40 40 32 32 174 P 18 0 0 32 16 66 TOTAL 48 40 40 64 48 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 BCA-401 BCA-402 BCA-403 BCA-404 BCA -405 BCA -406 BCA -407 Computer Networks Data Base Management System Computer System Architecture Operating System Workshop on Visual Basic Software Lab –V (BC-402) Software Lab –VI (BC-405) Unix /Linux 36 40 48 36 24 144 0 20 0 12 24 96 36 60 48 48 48 240 25 25 25 25 100 25 25 250 75 75 75 75 0 75 75 450 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -5 Code BCA-501 BCA-502 BCA-503 BCA-504 BCA -505 BCA -506 BCA -507 TOTAL Subject Internet Applications and Java System Software Computer Graphics Operation Research Software Lab –VII (Major Project I) Software Lab –VIII (BC-501) Software Lab –IX (BC-503) 148 L 36 36 36 40 P 36 0 12 0 44 92 TOTAL 72 36 48 40 44 240 INT. 5 25 25 25 25 25 25 175 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESTER -6 Code BCA-601 BCA-602 BCA -603 BCA -604 BCA -605 BCA -606 BCA -607 TOTAL Subject Artificial Intelligence Handling Operating Systems Software Lab –X (Major Project II) Software Lab –XI (Web Desig ning) Software Lab –XII (BC-602) Seminar (BC-603) Comprehensive Viva-Voce L 48 48 96 P 0 48 80 16 144 TOTAL 48 96 80 16 240 INT. 25 25 25 25 25 100 225 EXT. 75 75 75 75 75 100 525 TOTAL MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 700 SEMESER -1 BCA-101 . Introduction to Information Technology INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. You read "Oops (Bca)" in category "Papers" Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Computer Fundamentals: Number Systems, History of Computers, Block diagram of computer detailed significance of each part. Study of I/O devices : Keyboard, Hard disk, Floppy disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Plotters, Scanners, mouse, Printers: Dot matrix, Laser, Thermal Inkj et, VDU. Section II Primary secondary memories. Introduction to Operating Systems its functions Definition of Simple batch processing, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, real-time, time-sharing systems, Concept of Spooling, Section III Typical DOS commands, making simple batch files. Application of Computers in various fields : Defense, Industry, Management, Sports, Commerce, Internet. omputer and communication: Single user, Multi-user, Workstations, and Overview of LAN, WAN: Overview of modem, E-Mail, Fax Internet facilities through WWW BCA-102. BRIDGE COURSE IN MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Set relations and functions: elements of a set, methods of describing a set, types of set, Venn diagram, operations on sets, union, interSection Ind difference of set, Duality, partioning of a set, trigonometric functions. Section II Binomial theorem and principle of mathematics induction Introduction to matrix, properties of matrix; evaluation of determinant, minor and cofactors and properties of determinant Section III Statistics: introduction to statistics, collection, and tabulation of data, mean, median and mode. BCA-103. Basic Accounting Section I Basic Accounting: Introduction, importance and scope, concepts and conventionsGenerally accepted accounting principles-double entry framework Basic concepts of Journals, ledgers, purchase book, sales book, cashbook. Section II Preparation of financial statements: Profit and loss account and balance sheet. Nature, scope, advantage and limitations of management accounting. Section III Sources of raising of capital in corporate undertaking –simple treatment to issue of shares, forfeiture of shares and re – issue of forfeited shares. Application of computers in accounting. BCA-104. Programming in ‘C’ INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Fundamentals: Character set, Identifiers Keywords, Data Types, constants, set, constants, variables, expressions, statement, symbolic constants. Operations and expressions: Arithmetic operators, unary operators, relational and logical operators, assignment and conditional operators, and library functions. Data input and output: Preliminaries, single character input, single character output, entering input data, more about the scanf function, writing output data, more about printf function, the gets and puts function, interactive programming. Section II Control statements: Preliminaries, while, do-while and for statements. Nested loops, if else, switch, break continue statement. Functions: Brief overview, defining accessing function, passing perimeters to function, specifying argument data types, function prototype and recursion. Program structure: Storage classes, automatic, external, and static variables, more about library functions. Array: defining and processing an array, passing pointers to a function, pointer and one dimensional arrays, operations on pointers, passing functions multidimensional arrays of pointers, passing functions to the other functions, more about pointer declarations. Section III Structure And Unions: Defining and processing a structure, user defined data types, structure and Pointers, passing structure to function, self-referential structures, and unions. Data files: Opening, closing, creating, and processing and unformatted data field. C-programming applications: Sorting (Bubble sort, Selection sort), Searching (Binary search, Linear Search). BCA-105. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (BUSINESS COMMUNICATION) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Business Communication: Meaning and Definition, Process and Classification of communication, Elements Characteristics of communication. Corporate communication: Formal and Informal Communication, Grapevine, Communication barriers, Importance of communication. Section II Principles of Effective Communications: 7 Cs Concept Written communication: Meaning, objectives and essentials of effective written communication, media or types of Written communication. Non – Verbal Communication: Importance, forms or Media, Kinesics. Effective Listening: meaning, nature and importance of good listening, types of listening Principles of effective listening, factors affecting listening, barriers in listening, difference between hearing and listening. Section III Writing Skills – Short Compositions: Classified Advertisements, Situation Vacant, Situation wanted, Career Guidance, Counseling, Lost and found, Sale / Purchase, To – let. Notices – General / Public Notices, Tender Notices, Auction Notices. Letter Writing: Official letters, Placing orders, Sending Replies, Letters to Editors, Application for job. Comprehension Passages (From text book only comprehension question should be asked, No general question) BCA-106. COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS Essentials of Grammar: Parts of Speech, Punctuation, Vocabulary Building, Phonetics Office Management : Types of Correspondence, Receipt and Dispatch of Mail, Filing Systems, Classification of Mail. Role Function of Correspondence, MIS, Managing Computer Letter Resume Writing: Types of Letters-Formal / Informal, Importance and Function, Drafting the Applications, Elements of Structure, Preparing the Resume, Do’s Don’ts of Resume, Helpful Hints Presentation Skills: Importance of Presentation Skills, Capturing Data, Voice Picture Integration, Guidelines to make Presentation Interesting, Body Language, Voice Modulation, Audience Awareness, Present ation Plan, Visual Aids, Forms of Layout, Styles of Presentation. Interview Preparation: Types of Interview, Preparing for the Interviews, Attending the Interview, Interview Process, Employers Expectations, General Etiquette, Dressing Sense, Postures Gestures Group Discussion Expressions, Evaluation Presentation: Definition, Process, Guidelines, Helpful (Note: Every student shall be given 15 minutes. of presentation time 45 minutes of discussion on his/ her presentation. ) The student will be evaluated on the basis of : his / her presentation style Feedback of Faculty Students General Etiquette Proficiency in Letter Drafting / Interview Preparation The paper is internal and at least 3 tests will be taken. Best 2 of 3 shall account for final grades (70% Test 30% Presentation) SEMESER -2 BCA-201. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Forms of business organizations and ownership: Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Joint stock company, Public Private undertakings, Government companies. Management: Meaning definition of management, nature, scope and its various functions. Section II Planning : nature and purpose, types, steps in planning ,decision making : Strategic , tactical and operational decision, decision making process, rationality in decision making. Organizing : nature, importance, the organizing process, organizational objectives, formal and informal organization, organization chart, span of management : factors determining effective span, Departmentation : definition, departmentation by function, by territory, product/service customer group ; management by objectives (MBO), Delegation, Decentralization v/s centralization. Section III Staffing : definition, manpower management, factors affecting staffing, Recruitment and selection , Performance appraisal . Motivation: theories of Motivation; hierarchy of needs theory, theory of X and theory of Y. Leadership : styles, theories of leadership : trait approach and situational approach, managerial grid. Controlling : meaning nature , steps in controlling , essentials of effective control systems. BCA-202. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I System Concepts: Definition, characteristics, elements types of system. System development life cycle: Recognition of need: Feasibility study Section II system analysis-introduction, information collection, interviews, questionnaires, observation, record searching and document analysis, analysis tools, data flow diagram, data dictionary, decision tree, structured English and decision table. Section III System Design: The process and stages of systems design, input/output and file design; System Implementation: System implementation, system testing, implementation process and implementation methods; system maintenance. BCA-203. MATH-I (DISCRETE MATHS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Set theory. Relations and functions: Set notations and description, subsets, basic set operations. Venn diagrams, laws of set theory, partition of sets, min sets, duality principle, basic definitions of relations and functions, graphics of relations, properties of relations; injective, surjective and bijective function s, composition. Section II Combinations: Rule of products, permutations, combinations. Algebra of Logic: Propositions and logic operations, truth tables and propositions generated by set, equivalence and implication laws of logic, mathematical system, and propositions over a universe, mathematical induction, quantifiers. Recursion and recurrence: The many faces of recursion, recurrence, relations, and some common recurrence relations, generating functions. Section III Graph theory: Various types of graphics, simple and multigraphs, directed and undirected graphs, Eulerian and Hamiltonian graph, graph connectivity, traversals, graph optimizations, Graph coloring, trees, spanning trees, rooted trees, binary trees. BCA-204. DATA STRUCTURES INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Data Structure: Basic concept of data, Problem analysis , algorithm complexity, Big O notation and time space trade off. Stacks Queues : Basics of stacks and queues, Recursion, Polish notation, circular Queues, priority Queues. Section II Linked Lists : Single linked list, circular linked list, doubly linked list and dynamic storage management, generalized list, Garbage Collection. Trees : Definition Concepts, Basic trees, Binary tree representations, threaded storage representation, binary tree traversals, and application of trees. Section III Searching and sorting : use of various data structures for searching and sorting, linear and binary search, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, bubble sort, quick sort, Heap sort. BCA-205. DIGITAL CIRCUITS LOGIC DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction : Overview of number system and codes. Elements and functions of digital Logic gates, Gate propagation delay time, logic gates, Gate propagation delay time, and logic gate applications. Boolean algebra: Boolean operations, SOP and POS forms, and simplification using karnaugh maps, Realization of expressions using goals. Section II Combinational logical circuits: design of Binary Adder-Serial, Parallel, Carry look ahead type. Full subtractor, code converters, MUX and DEMUX, encoders and encoders. Sequential logic circuits: Flip flop: R-S, J-K, Master slave J-K, D and T flip-flops using nand gates. Section III Counters: Design of asynchronous and synchronous, updown and programmable counters. Registers: shift registers, various types and their applications. Detection and correction codes, detecting and correcting an error. SEMESER -3 BCA-301. MATHS – II (COMPUTER ORIENTED METHODS) INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Matrix Algebra: Introduction of a matrix, its different kinds, matrix addition and scalar multiplication, Multiplication of matrices, Square matrix, Rank of a matrix, Transpose, Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix Solving simultaneous equations using Gauss elimination method, Gauss Jorden Method and matrix inversion method Section II Statistics : Measures of central tendency. Preparing frequency distribution table, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median and mode. Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, standard deviation, co-efficient of variation, moments, Skewness and Kurtosis Differential Calculus: Introduction, Differentiation, Derivative of a Function of One Variable, Power Function, Sum and Product of Two Functions, Function of a Function, Differentiation by method of substitution, Maxima and Minima Section III Integral Calculus: Indefinite Integral, Integration by substitution, integration by parts,, Integration by partial fractions, definite integral. Numerical integration : Trapezoidal method, simpson’s 1/3 rule, simpson’s 3/8 rule. BCA-302. MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Systems and Basic Systems Concepts, Types of Systems, The Systems Approach, Information Systems: Definition Characteristics, Types of Information, Role of Information in Decision – Making, Sub – Systems of an Information system: EDP and MIS, management levels, EDP/MIS/DSS. Section II An overview of Management Information System: Definition Characteristics, Components of MIS, Frame Work for Understanding MIS: Robert Anthony’s Hierarchy of Management Activity, Information requirements Levels of Management, Simon’s Model of decision- Making, Structured Vs Un-structured decisions, Formal Vs. Informal systems. Section III Developing Information Systems: Analysis Design of Information Systems: Implementation Evaluation, Pitfalls in MIS Development. Functional MIS: A Study of Marketing, Personnel, Financial and Production MIS. BCA-303. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Software: Characteristics, Components, Applications, Software Process Models: Waterfall, Spiral, Prototyping, Fourth Generation Techniques, Concepts of Project Management, Role of Metrics Measurements. S/W Project Planning: Objectives, Decomposition techniques: S/W Sizing, Problembased estimation, Process based estimatio n, Cost Estimation Models: COCOMO Model, The S/W Equation, Section II System Analysis: Principles of Structured Analysis, Requirement analysis, DFD, Entity Relationship diagram, Data dictionary. S/W Design: Objectives, Principles, Concepts, Design methodologies: Data design, Architectural design, procedural design, Object -oriented concepts Section III Testing fundamentals: Objectives, principles, testability, Test cases: White box Black box testing, Testing strategies: verification validation, unit test, integration testing, validation testing, system testing BCA-304. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++ INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction: Object oriented programming, characteristics of object orientated languages, classes, C++ basics: Program Statements, Variables and constants, Loops and Decisions. Functions: Defining a function, function arguments passing by value, arrays pointers, function strings, functions structures. Section II Classes Objects: Defining class, class constructors and destructors, operator overloading. Class Inheritance: Derived class base class; Virtual, Friends and Static functions; Multiple inheritance, Polymorphism. Section III Input/output files: Streams, buffers iostreams, header files, redirection, file input and output. BCA-305. INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Microprocessor, its historical background and its applications. INTEL 8085 Introduction, Microprocessor Architecture and its operations, 8085 MPU and its architecture,8085 instruction cycle ,8085 Instructions :Data Transfer instructions, Arithmetic instructions, logical instructions, Branch instructions,RISC v/s CISC processors. Section II INTEL 8086 Introduction, 8086Architecture,real and Protected mode memor y Addressing, Memory Paging Addressing Modes. Various types of instructions: Data movement, Arithmetic and logic; and program control. Type of instructions, Pin diagram of 8086, clock generator (8284A) Section III INTERRUPTS: Introduction, 8257 Interrupt controller, basic DMA operation and 8237 DMA Controller, Arithmetic coprocessor, 80X87 Architecture. SEMESER -4 BCA-401. COMPUTER NETWORKS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Data communications concepts: Digital and analog parallel and serial synchronous and asynchronous, simplex, half duplex, duplex, multiplexing. Communication channels: Wired transmissions: Telephone lines, leased lines, switch line, coaxial cables-base band, broadband, optical fiber transmission. Section II Wireless transmission: Microwave transmission, infrared transmission, laser transmission, radio transmission, and satellite transmission. Communication switching techniques; Circuit switching, message switching, packet switching. Network reference models; Network topologies, OSI references model, TCP/IP reference model, comparison of OSI and TCI reference model. Section III Data link layer design issue: Services provided to the network layer, framing, error control, flow control HDLC, SDLC, data link layer in the internet (SLIP, PPP). MAC sub layer: CSMA/CD, IEEE standards, FDM, TDM, CDMA. The Network Layer: Design Issues, Routing Algorithms: Optimality principled, shortest path routing, Concept of Internet Working. BCA-402. DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I An overview of the DBMS: Concept of database system, Database Administrator and his responsibilities. Physical and Logical data independence. Three level Architecture of database system: the external level, conceptual level and the internal level. Introduction to Data Models: Entity Relationship Model, Hierarchical, Network and Relational Model. Comparison of Network, Hierarchical and Relational Model. Section II Relational data model: Relational database, relational algebra and calculus, SQL dependencies, functional, multi-valued and join, normalization. Section III Database protection: Recovery, concurrency, security, integrity and control. Distribute database: Structure of distributed database, design of distributed databases. BCA-403. COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Computer Organization Design: Instruction codes, op-codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory reference instructions, CPU: Stack Organization, Instruction format, Addressing Formats. Section II Control Unit Architecture, I/O Architecture: Transfer of Information among I/O devices, CPU, Memory and I/O ports. Section III Memory System: Storage technologies, Memory hierarchy, Memory mapping, Main memory and Auxiliary memory, Associative and Cache memory Introductory study of 8-bit Microprocessor BCA-404. OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. ____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to Operating System, its need and Operating System services; Operating System classification – single user, multi-user, simple batch processing, Multiprogramming, Multitasking, Parallel system, Distributed system, Real time system. Process Management : Process Concept, Process scheduling, Overview of Inte rProcess communication, Section II CPU Scheduling : Basic concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms. Memory Management: Logical Versus Physical address space, Swapping Partition, paging and segmentation, concepts of Virtual Memory. File Management: File concept, access methods, Directory Structure, file protection. Allocation methods: Contiguous, linked and index allocation. Section III Deadlocks: Deadlock Characteristics, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, critical section, synchronization hardware, semaphores, combined approach to deadlock handling. Security: Authentication, Program Threats, System Threats, and Encryption. BCA-405. WORKSHOP ON VISUAL BASIC Develop an Application using Visual Basic Bank transactions management Hotel Management Gas agency management Office automation Railway reservation Computerisation course registration Hostel management Hospital management Inventory management Competitive examination database Air line reservation Transport management College admission Library management Note: Any Relational Database System can be used as back end. SEMESER -5 BCA-501. INTERNET APPLICATIONS AND JAVA INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction: Internet Architecture board, understanding the internet. Concept: Working, Surfing and security on the internet. Internet protocols Internet addressing, internet routing protocols internet message protocol, internet group management protocols, internet mail protocol. Internet applications: E-mail, multi cost backbone, net news. Web: World Wide Web advantages of web, web terminology, web access using web browser, locating information on the web. Section II Introduction to Java: Applets, application JDK, different b/w Java C++, working with Java objects: Encapsulation, inheritance polymorphism, constructors. Garbage collection finalisers, data types, modifies expressions, array flow control statements. Section III Exception handling threads, event handling, network programming Java virtual machines, Java databases. BCA-502. SYSTEM SOFTWARE INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Introduction to software processors; elements of assembly language programming; assembly scheme, single pass and two pass assembler; general design procedure of a two pass assembler. Section II Macros and Macro processor: macro definition, macro expansion, and features of macro facility, design of macro processor. Overview of compilers – memory allocation, lexical analysis, syntax analysis, Intermediate code generation and optimization – local and global optimization, code generation. Section III Loaders and linkage editors: Introduction to Loading, linking and relocation, program linking, linkage editors, dynamic linking, bootstrap loader. Other system software: Operating System, DBMS, Functions and structure of Text Editor. BCA-503. COMPUTER GRAPHICS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Input devices: Keyboard, Touch panel, light pens, Graphic tablets, Joysticks, Trackball, Data glove, Digitizers, Image scanner, Mouse, Voice Systems. Hard copy devices: Impact and non impact printers, such as line printer, dot matrix, laser, ink-jet, electrostatic, flatbed and drum plotters. Section II Video Display Devices Refresh cathode -ray tube, raster scan displays, random scan displays, color CRT-monitors, direct view storage tube, flat-panel displays; 3-D viewing devices, raster scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and workstations. Scan conversion algorithms for line, circle and ellipse, Bresenham’s algorithms, area filling techniques, character generation. Section III 2-dimensional Graphics: Cartesian and Homogeneous co-ordinate system, Geometric transformations (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Two-dimensional viewing transformation and clipping (line, polygon and text). 3-dimensional Graphics: Geometric transformations (translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection, Shearing), Mathematics of Projections (parallel perspective). 3-D viewing transformations and clipping. BCA-504. OPERATION RESEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Origin development of O. R. , Nature Characteristics features of O. R. Models Modeling in Operation Research. Methodology of O. R. , General methods for solving O. R. Models, O. R. Decision making, Application, Use Limitations of O. R. Section II Linear Programming: formulation, Graphical, Big MMethod Simplex Method, Duality in L. P. : Conversion of Primal to Dual only Transportation Problems: Test for Optimality, Degeneracy in Transportation Problems. Unbalanced Transportation, Assignment P roblems, Traveling Salesman Problem. Section III Decision Making : Decision Making Environment, Decision under uncertainty, Decision under risk, Decision tree Analysis. Integer Programming and Dynamic Programming: Concept and Advantages only. SEMESER -6 BCA-601 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Section I Introduction to AI: Definitions, AI problems, the underlying assumption, and AI techniques, Level of Model, Criteria for Success. Problems, Problem Space and Search: defining the problem as a state space search, Production System, Problem Characteristics, Production System Characteristics, issues in design of search programs. Section II Knowledge Representation Issues: representation and mapping, approaches to knowledge representation, issues in knowledge representation, the frame problem. Knowledge representation using predicate logic: representing simple facts in logic, representing instance and is a relationships, resolution Section III Weak -slot and -filler structures: semantic nets, frames as sets and instances. Strong slot and filler structures: Conceptual dependency, scripts, CYC. Natural language processing: syntactic processing, semantic analysis, discourse and pragmatic processing. BCA-602. HANDING OPERATING SYSTEMS INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAPER-SETTER The question paper will consist of Two parts, A and B. Part A will have 15 short answer questions (40-60 words) of 2 marks each. Part B will have 12 long answer questions of 5 marks each. The syllabus of the subject is divided into 3 sections I, II and III. The question paper will cover the entire syllabus uniformly. Part A will carry 5 questions from each Section Ind Part B will carry 4 questions from each section. INSTRUCTION FOR CANDIDATES Candidates are required to attempt all questions from Part A and 9 questions of Part B out of 12. _____________________________________________________________________ Section I Handing Novel NetWare: Introduction, Installation, configuration, managing resources and users. Granting access rights to users. Handing Windows NT Server: Planning: Comparison of Microsoft OS (Windows 95, 98 NT workstation), Workgroups Domains, choosing disk configuration, choosing Window NT protocols. Section II Installing configuration Installing windows NT Server, Windows NT registry, control panel, configuration protocols bindings, network adapters, peripherals devices, hard disk, printing its client computer. Section III Managing resources: Managing users group account, policies profiles, system policy with system policy editor, disk resources, working with windows NT, the resources, UNC. Connectivity: Inter operating with NetWare, Configuring remote access service. BCA-603 . Software Lab – X (Major Project Phase – II) Continuation of Major Project started in V semester (Code Generation, system testing, Installation and operations maintenance) BCA-607. Comprehensive Viva Voce Viva of Full syllabus studied under BCA course. Format of Project Report †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Title Cover Certificate from organozation about your stay (Project Duration) at that place and about submission of work done under external guide at the place of training. Certificate from your guide about the submission of work done under his/her guidance, Internal Supervisor. Table of Contents, abstract of the project (abstract of actual workdone). A brief overview of the organization (regarding function area, location, division in which you are working, turnover) Profile of problems assingned. Study of existing system, if any. System requirements Product Definition Problem Statement Function to be Provided Processing Environment: H/W, S/W. Solution Strategy Acceptance Criteria Feasibility Analysis Project Plan Team Structure Development Schedule Programming Languages And Development Tools †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ System Requirement Specifications Developing / Operating / Maintenance Environments External Interface And Data Flows User display and report format, user command summary High level DFD and data dictionary Functional and performance specifications Design Detailed DFD’s and structure diagrams Data structures, database and file specifications Pseudocode Test Plan Functional, Performance, Stress tests etc. Implementation / Conversion Plan Project Legacy Current status of project Remaining areas of concern Technical and managerial lessons learnt Future recommendations Bibliography Source Code (if available) Note: – The above is meant to serve as a guideline for preparation of your project report. You may add to, modify or omit some of the above-mentioned points depending upon their relevance to your project. You may also consult your internal supervisor for the same. How to cite Oops (Bca), Papers

Computerized Corporate Accounting System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Computerized Corporate Accounting System. Answer: Introduction: Data analysis can be referred to be a significant factor for improvement of a corporation. Essentially, data analysis as well as data software can also be considerably utilized for the purpose of classification of data of a corporation in a bid to detect the trends as well as patterns and institute an association (Rainer et al., 2013). Techniques for evaluation of data are to certain extent identical to the process of data mining since they assist corporations to attain knowledge regarding trends of customers, organizational as well as industrial patterns along with behaviour. However, all through implementation, business intelligence along with reports assist the entire administration of the corporation as well as corporate employees in the process of deliverance of requisite information. This information are used for carrying out different business operations that can gauged using different diverse performance indicators, functionalities of business and customers and many others. However, it can be hereby witnessed that different reports along with data queries were established for utilization for different end users in the past (Gney, 2014). Nevertheless, these days the business concerns can utilize the service more and more in order to ensure that different analysts as well as functional employees can operate their ad hoc and prepare reports on their own. In essence, data mining as well as data evaluation tools performs classification of a very large data and detect the associations as well as patterns. As rightly indicated by Blattmann et al., (2016), applications of data analysis calls for the need of evaluation of data. However, in case of definite advanced projects, the process starts with assimilation, collection as well as preparation of data. Thereafter, the process also involves enhancement, examination as well as revising of different models of analysis that in turn can help in making it certain that the process can precise outcomes. Moreover, data analysts along with analytics team can assign data engineers who have the task of making data sets ready for analysis. However, the initiatives of evaluation of data can be used in variety of ways by the corporation. For example, banks as well as financial corporations analyze the process of withdrawal along with trends of expends in order to limit fraud as well as identity theft (Stair Reynolds, 2015). Again, the marketing along with e-commerce industries assume clickstream evaluation for detection of visitors to their websites who essentially have the capability to purchase products as well as services. Sousa Oz (2014) opines that the evaluation process starts with data collection in which different data scientists detect requisite information that is needed by the corporation for the purpose of analysis and thereafter for carrying out work autonomously with other co-workers to assemble different tools. However, the information gathered from varied systems of information might have the need to be mixed up with the assistance of data assimilation techniques and altered into a standard format and thereafter downloaded in specific arrangement of analytics (Bazeley Jackson, 2013). Again, in certain cases, the procedure of acquirement of might consist of drawing a proper subset from the entire pool of raw data that essentially flows in to the particular tool and thereafter moves in different divider within the specific system in order to help in the process of evaluation without leaving impact on the entire set of data. However, business concerns are utilizing different data analytics approach as a procedure of acquirement of information that can support the corporation in an improved manner and serve customers well. This in turn can help in enhanced level of satisfaction of the customers with the service of the business. However, the potential of the business to construct multiple data sources generates novel anticipations for development of dependable quality, for example, transformation velocity variance, data on life span, velocity, perishability, and data on dependency on definite data set and granularity (Goyal, 2014). In addition to this, merging of large amount of data analytics leads to generation of novel requirements. In essence, the primary role of data mining as well as data analysis can be considered to be effective for the purpose of achievement of accurate information that are essentially required for proper functioning of the entire business (Sousa Oz, 2014). This helps in knowing what of more important for the functions of the business concern. Again, an accurate set of data acquired after proper analysis using data evaluation as well as data mining helps in delivering outcomes that can again can be analysed by the administration to find out whether the specific data as well as tools are essentially utilized for arriving at the correct answers. Thus, this process essentially exerts impact on the management to arrive at decisions that in turn can help in expansion as well as growth of the entire business concern. In addition to this, the other role of data mining as well as analysis of data involves addition of value to the information technology of a particular business (Warren et al., 2013). Thus, it is significant to enumerate different capabilities of the results of the business that stem from diverse IT services. In addition to this, it is also very important to focus on diverse business objectives and acquire knowledge regarding usage of different IT se rvices that contribute towards establishment of different outcomes of business. This necessarily provides an appropriate base for construction as well as planning particular services that can necessarily be rendered in the upcoming period (Stair Reynolds, 2015). However, the IT services helps in proper functioning of analytics tools. Thus, these tools can help in enhancement of the significance of IT services in different business concerns. However, there are different ethical issues that can be linked to the process of storage, acquirement as well as protection of data as well as information available in the data bases (Gney, 2014). However, the corporations acquire as well as store an entire pool of information concerning clients in the database (Wang Huynh, 2013). Again, these issues can be used to ethical in nature and can be associated to information in the definite data base and are examined from three different perspectives namely, ethical accountabilities of a corporation towards the customers, diverse ethical responsibilities of members of the staff towards the business concern as well as customers along with ethical responsibilities of clients towards the corporation. However, collection as well as restoration of information of customers can be considered to be vital (Gney 2014). This can help in tailoring and customizing customer service functions of the business concern as well as expansion of the business. Again, ethical accountabilities that business concerns essentially have towards the customers orients around acquirement of defined data from clients, and correcting specific errors in the customer data (Rainer et al., 2013). Again, ethical responsibilities that can be related to employees is to limit browsing of information or else records on customers and not selling off the information on customers to the adversaries and not divulging the data on customers to diverse associated parties. Essentially, customers also have ethical accountabilities that can be associated to providing information or else data to business concerns with which they deal. By itself, these can become inclusive of providing detailed data at the time when these data are required (Uyar et al., 2017). There is also requirement for safeguarding different obligations of not divulging the data or else misusing the data available in the corporation (Ismail King, 2014). In essence, ethical issues essentially encom passes around adherence to different privacy laws necessarily with regard to specific information that have been gathered from customers. However, ethics also cover the procedure of storing and the way information can be properly used. The business concerns essentially intends to discover what essentially the customers are buying, reason why consumers are purchasing along with the timeframe of purchase (Du et al., 2015). Essentially, the information is amassed on prospective customers who have enquired regarding products as well as services of the company. In addition to this, the next ethical dilemma points out towards accurateness of information since any incorrect information might lead to fouls. Again, the information that are acquired by the corporation calls for precise as well as accurate in order to ensure that corporations can assume effective decision making and have appropriate knowledge regarding the customers. Accessibility to information on customers can also be considered to be a factor that has ethical implications (Wijaya et al., 2015). The information can be retrieved easily by all the analysts of data as well as engineers. The factor of accessibility calls for certain restrictions that can provide protection to personal information of different customers and prevent misplacement of the information. Therefore, important customer information needs maintained in a specific central database and all the previous information associated to the customers need not be lost. In itself, the ethical implications associated to sto rage, accumulation as well as usage of information is important as this influences customers regarding the fact that their information is safe and secured (Romney Steinbart, 2012). Hence, organization needs to assume certain in order to understand different requirements of customers in addition to essential services to customers in that way increase the profit and gain higher share in the market. Reference List Bazeley, P., Jackson, K. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Sage Publications Limited. Blattmann, P., Heusel, M., Aebersold, R. (2016). SWATH2stats: an R/bioconductor package to process and convert quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics data for downstream analysis tools. PloS one, 11(4), e0153160. Du, K., Huddart, S., Xue, L. (2015). Accounting Information Systems and Asset Prices. Goyal, D. P. (2014). Management Information Systems: Managerial Perspectives. Vikas Publishing House. Gney, A. (2014). Role of technology in accounting and e-accounting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 852-855. Ismail, N. A., King, M. (2014). Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms. Journal of Information Systems and Small Business, 1(1-2), 1-20. Pariante, G., Harder, A., Powell, P. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,756,131. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013). Introduction to information systems. John Wiley Sons. Romney, M. B., Steinbart, P. J. (2012). Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Sousa, K., Oz, E. (2014). Management information systems. Nelson Education. Stair, R., Reynolds, G. (2015). Fundamentals of information systems. Cengage Learning. Uyar, A., Gungormus, A. H., Kuzey, C. (2017). Impact of the Accounting Information System on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Turkish Non-Listed Companies. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 11(1), 9-27. Wang, D. H. M., Huynh, Q. L. (2013). Effects of environmental uncertainty on computerized accounting system adoption and firm performance. International Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences, 2(1), 13-21. Warren, C. S., Reeve, J. M., Duchac, J. (2013). Financial managerial accounting. Cengage Learning. Wijaya, R. E., Ludigdo, U., Baridwan, Z., Prihatiningtias, Y. W. (2015). Paradigm Blurred: Opera Cake in Management Accounting Information Research. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 859-865

Religion and Correct Answer free essay sample

A form of marriage in which a person can have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time is called: A) serial monogamy. B) polygyny. C) polygamy. D) serial polygamy. Points Earned: 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion and Correct Answer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 2. A denomination is a: A) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. B) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. Catholic church in South America that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women B) the role of Martin Luther King, Jr. and other religious leaders in the civil rights movement in the U. S. in the 1960s C) the leadership of Pope John Paul II among Catholic clergy adhering to traditional pastoral duties D) all of these Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 4. Which of the following is the way the textbook defines a domestic partnership? Correct Answer(s): C Correct 6. What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers? A) the sanctuary movement B) liberation theology C) the Protestant ethic D) predestination Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Incorrect 7. In the U. S. , endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within: A) all of these B) ones own sexual group. C) ones own ethnic and religious group. D) ones own family group. Points Earned: 0. 0/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Incorrect 8. The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious: A) experience. B) belief. C) ritual. D) value. Points Earned: 0. 0/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 9. The great majority of Muslims in the United States are which type? A) Black Muslim B) Shia C) Sunni D) Shiite Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Incorrect 10. Which event began the controversy over whether the biblical account of creation should be presented in public school curricula? A) the Kansas twister of ‘34 B) Federal Education Funding Bill of 1972 This is an example of a: A) city. B) family. C) community. D) nuclear family. Points Earned: 0. 0/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): B Correct 15. Which sociologist published a book in 1904 in which he noted that it was no mere coincidence that an overwhelming number of business leaders, owners of capital, and skilled workers were Protestants, not Catholics? A) Karl Marx B) Friedrich Engels C) Max Weber D) Emile Durkheim Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Correct 16. Which is the single largest faith in the world? A) Hinduism B) Islam C) Christianity Judaism Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Correct 17. Which of the following does the text define as a family? A) a set of people related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together C) all of these D) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each others lives in a relationship of mutual caring Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 18. Which of the following is true regarding Islam? A) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws. B) Islam in more individualistic in its expression than Christianity. C) Muslims vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions. D) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God. Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Incorrect 19. The increasing divorce rate in the U. S. is attributable to: A) greater opportunities for women. B) all of these C) more liberal divorce laws. D) a general increase in family incomes and free legal aid. Points Earned: 0. 0/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): B Correct 20. A matriarchy is a society in which: A) women hold no authority at all. B) men hold greater authority than women. C) women hold greater authority than men. D) women and men hold equal amounts of authority. Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): C Correct 21. Which sociological perspective suggests that denial of the right to marry reinforces the second-class status of gays and lesbians? A) labeling theory B) interactionist perspective C) functionalist perspective D) conflict perspective Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): D Correct 22. The debate over religion inside public schools in the United States is understood under the broader context of: A) separation of church and state. B) religious rituals. C) the protestant ethic. D) liberation theology. Points Earned: 0. 8/0. 8 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 23. Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society? A) functionalist perspective B) feminist perspective

Essay on Design Vehicle

Essay on Design Vehicle Essay on Design Vehicle Every day we travel on a road, have you ever wondered how the roadway is designed to accommodate various kinds of vehicles? The answer is using the right design vehicle. Today I’m going to introduce the concept of design vehicle. Design vehicle is a conceptual vehicle that is used in the geometry design of roadway. Why we say the design vehicle is conceptual? Because it is not real vehicle, it is actually a group of parameters that describe the general characteristics of vehicles within the same category. Now, let me show you the parameters of a design vehicle that influence roadway design. The first parameter is the height, it influences the vertical clearance. For example, if we design a new bridge cross the road, the height of the bridge should be higher than the design vehicle’s height. The second one is the width: it determines the width of the lane and shoulder. The third one is the length: it’s used to calculate the length of the vehicle storage area, for example, the exclusive left turn lane. And then the configuration: whether the vehicle is single-unit or multiple-units influence its braking distance and turning radius. Is everybody following me so far? OK. Now think about how many different kinds of vehicles are available in the market. You know we have so many vehicle manufacturers and countless choices of cars. Fortunately, almost all the vehicles can be represented by the four types of design vehicles on the picture: the passenger car, the bus, the truck,

Philosopy- Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosopy- Death penalty - Essay Example Igor Primoratz, in Justifying Legal Punishment and Ernest Van den Haag, in On Deterrence and the Death Penalty agree with abolitionists in part. Both admit that flaws in the system exist but submit that these issues could be diminished or eliminated. Each author presents compelling philosophical reasoning for continuing the death penalty. Of course, justifying a wrong does not make it right. The pursuit of justice is universally perceived a moral endeavor therefore, according to Primoratz, punishment must be considered moral as well. His theory of morally condoned retribution, the retributive theory, draws credibility by using a quote from the Bible which encourages use of the death penalty. (Primoratz, 1989). There are many quotes from the Bible that seemingly condone retribution for murder, the often quoted ‘an eye for an eye’ for example. Those that subscribe to retribution as justification for the death penalty often invoke this particular Bible reference. Aggression must be met with aggressive punishment. Interestingly, those that use the quote from the Old Testament to justify the use of the death penalty as a moral punishment either overlooked or ignored the passage in the New Testament where Jesus rebuffs this statement explicitly then reminds his followers to instead to ‘turn the other cheek.’ Keeping the debate in the arena of the religious who validate their own bias by pulling from the Bible, the term retribution is a simile for revenge. Those that oppose capital punishment believe that every life should be valued and that imprisoning a person for life without the possibility for parole is adequate punishment. Opponents also think that revenge is wrong and ultimately more destructive to the value system and very fabric of society than is the crime itself. In addition, opponents feel that outlawing the death

Epicurus' and Epictetus' Teachings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epicurus' and Epictetus' Teachings - Essay Example Epicurus, whose teachings are related to the philosophy of hedonism, saw pleasure as the primary goal in every human’s life. He taught that happiness can only be achieved by means of pleasure. The concept of pleasure is also related to the notion of psychic tranquility, which he calls ataraxia. Ataraxia refers to inner peace of a human being and his being free from fear. Moreover, pleasure is also explained as the â€Å"absence of pain†. Just as Epicurus distinguishes between active and passive pleasure, he defines the former as an active process aimed at satisfying people’s desires, and the latter as the absence of pain, the perfect pleasure. Similarly to Epicurus, Epictetus, who belonged to Stoics, developed his view of happiness and what can make humans happy. However, his views are different from Epicurus’ because he assumes that a person can achieve happiness only if he/she desires something which he/she is capable of achieving. Otherwise, this person will be unhappy. Hence, unlike Epicurus, Epictetus believes that controlling desires by means of self-discipline is the way to avoid unhappiness. Furthermore, Epicurus expressed the view that human beings did not need to be fearful of gods since gods do not interfere in human fates and lives. Unlike Epicurus, the representative of Stoics Epictetus believes that it is god that has control of everything. Hence, human beings are â€Å"fragments of god†. ... Broadly speaking, both say that people possess control of their own happiness. Next, both philosophers agree that god exists. However, they disagree about the way god influences people’s lives. Epicurus thinks that god never interferes in people’s fates and lives, while Epictetus believes that every human life is subject to god’s control. Epicurus also believes that people’s body is made of atoms and Epictetus believes that people’s body is part of god’s. Also, the philosophers explain fear of death in a different way. While Epicurus expresses the opinion that we should not fear death since human beings lose sensation at the time of dying (this happens due to atoms dispersal), Epictetus thinks that we just need to change our perception of death and views on it, which will liberate us from fearing death. As for me, Epictetus’ views are more superior since they reject self-indulgence and focus on a personality development. Epicurus views , it seems, lead to moral degradation of people since they risk turning into beasts preoccupied with desires and efforts to satisfy them. 2. Which of Epictetus’ rules do you find most appealing? Why? Which of Epictetus’s rules do you find most distasteful? Why? As I go over the rules of Epictetus, I find all of them appealing. Importantly, these ideas have much in common with what is thought the highest virtues in Christianity. It appears that he even advised not to engage in sexual relationship before marriage, which seems unbelievable if one imagines that society and men’s opportunities. I am literally impressed by how close to my views on life, Epictetus’ rules are. For instance, Epictetus advises not to judge

The Foundation of Fundraising

The Foundation of Fundraising My placement as negotiated with my supervisor was attending a course in fundraising, as from my perspective this knowledge is very essential in the field of development. In my opinion studying development from the theoretical aspect is very important but in order to apply what we learnt in the real world we need at least a minimum knowledge of management techniques. Working in the development field, as to implement any project or initiative in our community, require funding which will cover the expenses of the work and since many ofthe work of development come through the non governmental organisations so learning some of the techniques of fundraising is very important in order to achieve what we aspire in the development of our society. Working in a non-governmental organisation in Egypt helped me in understanding the problems of my community and thus addressing it. I had many ideas for projects to be implemented in my community but one of my major problems was obtaining a fund to apply these projects. So understanding the fundraising practice will help me in improving the opportunities in implementing my ideas. In this report I will present the fundraising techniques that are essential to any fundraiser in order to help raising the fund needed to support the charity and projects, and therefore developing the community. I will present what were the component and what I learnt from attending the foundation course of fundraising practice and what kind of techniques that is important to fulfil the job. The third sector The first thing I learnt in this course was the different between the three sectors providing services to people, First the private sector such as cooperates and companies and they are aiming for a profit. Second the public sector, as the statutory that aim to provide services. And the last one is what is called the third sector, the Government defines the third sector as non-governmental organisations that are value driven and which principally reinvest their surpluses to further social, environmental or cultural objectives, their role is to fill the gap and provide the service that is lost between the two sectors(NAO, 2009). It includes voluntary and community organisations, charities, social enterprisesand cooperatives. These organisations help in providing voice for marginalize groups, campaigning for change, creating strong, active and connected communities, promoting enterprising solutions to social and environmental challenges and also help in transforming the design and deliv ery of public services. Community-based organizations provide a unique role in the community they serve. As they play this role through the provision of certain services that are part of their mission statement which be done through fundraising. Fundraiser became a key element in supporting school, sports, and other community groups in each of the small towns and major urban areas.Fundraising in the past was a way to provide supplementary or support programs or activities, but todays fund-raising is the cornerstone for the survival and continuation of many activities and events and programs.This importance of fundraising in todays market, created the need for stronger and more successful programs to collect donations which can generate impact and good results. Fundraising is no longer just a fun activity, but abusiness (Institute of fundraising, 2006). Funding can be described as the financial resources available to make a project or initiative possible. Fundraising, however, is an organized activity to solicit money to conduct activities for an organization (Institute of fundraising, 2006). Funding can be either core, long term, or project-based. Core or long term funding is consistent over a period of time and is not related to one project. Project-based funding means an organization is funded to deliver a particular project or event. Fundraising on the other hand is usually the result of a distinct project or campaign that collects money from the public(Institute of fundraising, 2006). To conclude, Fundraising is the process of soliciting and gathering contributions as money or other resources, by requesting donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for non-profit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capital for-profit enterprises. Working in teams One of the important stages in the course for me was working with a team. As most of the course attendance worked before in fundraising and have some experience in this field and I was afraid of affecting the dynamics of the team I am in, but my expectations were not true as the power of the team depend on the variety of knowledge and personality of the members of the team. That was the first lesson I learnt, team work is a group effort and each member in this group contribute by his own knowledge and experience in improving the work of the whole team. According to the SheronFerguson theinstructor of the course, the team is a group of individuals who have a common aim and have a regular and frequent interaction with each other. The course indicates that experts in team development agree that teams will go through five different stages. How fast a team moves through each stage will depend on the team members, their individual skills, the work they are expected to do, and the type of leadership available to the team. Bruce Tuckman deemed the five main stages of team development in order as Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Mourning. The first stages of team building which isthe forming stage is important for any team because, in this stage, the members of the team get to know each other and exchange some information about their personalities. Which is consider a good opportunity to see how each member of the team works as an individual and how they respond to pressure. After that every group will enter the storming stage asdifferent ideas compete for consideration (Tuckman, 1965). The team addresses issues such as what problems they are really supposed to solve, how they will work independently and together and who will lead the whole operation. Team members open up to each other and confront each others ideas and perspectives. The storming stagecan be contentious, unpleasant and even painful to members of the team who are averse to conflict but it consider necessary to the growth of the team. In this stage I was able to build a connection with my teams members as I found out that thinking and sharing ideas with a group helped me in strengthen these connections, Moreover, it shows me how each member can contributes in improving any idea. In the norming stage the team manages to have a mutual plan to achieve its goal. During this stage some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the teamwork,as all the team members have the ambition to work for the success of the goals of the team. One of my teams was consisting of a fundraiser working with women rights charity, a manger of a soldiers care charity and my self, our project was to persuade a businessmanto donate for our charity which was a Bay watch life boats, we discussed each one idea about how we will reach our goal and my idea was using the media such as television interviews with one of the survivors who was saved by our life boats, and after discussing suggestions and ideas we decided to reach our goal by using different kinds of visual mean, we used a PowerPoint presentation to show the numbers and figures of how our charity contributes in helping and saving people, we used television interviews with two survivors who were sav ed by our charity. All that was through discussing the possible ideas that will work for the success of the goals of the team. The performing stagehappen when a teams are able to work as a unit as they find ways to get the job done effectively without conflict or the need for external supervision. In this stage the team members become interdependent, motivated and knowledgeable. The mourning is considering the last stage when teams break up when the work is over; they celebrate and recognize group achievement. Then some mourning over the dissolving of the team as the project ended. According to Ferguson for continuous work teams, there may be a higher performance level as they develop and transform as individuals and reform into revised teams. It is important to note that continuous work teams may revert to prior stages when new people are added to the team. It was very interesting to learn all these information on the team development, as I didnt experienced working in a teams before as I learnt in this course, I worked during the period of the course with four different teams in order to reach different levels of communication and to experience what are the advantages of being a member of a team, what kind of contribution I may add to the work of the team to raise the level and the quality of the outcome. Regulations and Law In the United Kingdom, there are laws and codes of practice covering public events, collections, lotteries and others. These laws and codes of practice include the frame that legalise the acceptance or refusal of donation, accountability and transparency in fundraising, best practice for fundraising contracts, charities working with business, data protection and many others(Ciconte, 2008). The only problem I faced in learning this section was the limitation and the focusing on the British laws and regulation of any charity work. But in spite of that I learnt a very important information that the laws and regulation is set to control the relationship between the benefactors and the trustees and protect the benefactors during the funding process, which was a very valuable information to me because I always thought about how to benefit the people who in need without considering the benefactors and what kind of benefit they will have in exchange of their funding. And thatled me to think more about the donors motivations to donate in order to understand how to use this motivation to benefit the project or the purpose I work to achieve. Also knowing about the internal regulation of each charity helped me understand the importance of knowing the internal regulation and mission of the NGO I am working with. There was an activity, which I found very interesting as the instructor told us a funding opportunity case which was a big amount of donation from some employees in a cigarette factory to a lung cancer charity. The case was whether the charity can accept this donation or not. Some of my colleagues in the course thought that the charity can accept this donation because the donors are the employees and not the cigarette factory while others argued that these employees may be a form of representation to the factory which will affect the lung cancer cause, a small group couldnt decide whether the charity could accept the donation or not because they thought that this is a difficult situation and more research is needed. This activity opened my eyes on seeing problems from different angels also the understanding the nee d for studying and knowing the internal regulation of the charity as well as the external. Funding sources and motivation Funding of not-for-profit, Non Government Organisations, or CharitableOrganisations comes through a number of streams. According to Ferguson the sources of fund come from: National Government funding which comprises multiple strands through various departments including: Health, Education, Tourism etc Local Government funding which also comprises multiple strands through various departments Charitable Trusts and Foundations Churches and similar institutions Corporations, which gives fund in a wide variety of ways such as sponsorship, secondment through which staff work for the charity but paid by the corporate, and many other ways. The National lottery, which have a grant programs. Individual donors Each of these hastheir own criteria with their respective application and reporting oraccountability requirements and varying levels of engagement with the fundapplicant. There is no consistency in criteria or uniformity of application across any ofthese funding sources. As Mixer argued that fundraisers must understand the fundamental question of why people giveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦more systematic analysis of donor motivation and conceptual frameworks are needed so fundraisers can carry out their tasks more effectively (Mixer, 1993).Here are some of the donors motivations we discussed during the course, which gives an image about what kind of donors we will deal with and what are there motives to donate; belief in mission, institutional need, publicity, change image, good reputation, religious Beliefs, establish a legacy, joy of giving, tradition in family, make a difference in society, building community relationship, memorialize someone, tax benefits, capital campaign, knowing other supporters, solicitation by peer, recognition of gift, expand social network, access to charity events.These motivations shape the ways and methods that will be used in order to deal with the donors. Knowing these motivations helps in designing the wining project and get the fund needed, and the key knowledge to these motivations is through research, which consider on of the most important element in the fundraising techniques that I learned in this course. Another concept related to funders motivationthat I learned was the donors development pyramid, which explain how to take donors to the next level of giving. The pyramid illustrates many methods by which the donors first know about the charity and choose to give them their support. Using this pyramid is to achieve a goal of ensuring these new funders will donate again and will move up in the pyramid. The donor development tool is a pyramid shape because as I continue to engage donors up the numbers of donors decreases, though the value of the donation increases. The main lesson in this section that I need to focus attention on every level of the pyramid I build to ensure that there will be a sustainable income to my NGO. Volunteers Contented Clients Donors Magazine Inserts Board/Committee Friends Visitors Press/Adverts (Institute of Fundraising course book, 2010) Fundraising techniques Fundraising is a valuable part of the strengthening ofNGOs;any kind of contributions is needed by them to carry out their planned activities. Marketing is considering the commercial name for fundraising as many of the techniques and skills of fundraising was adapted from it. While marketing and sales skills can be valuable, they must always be applied in an ethical manner. Every fundraiser must first be completely convinced of the value, integrity and benefits of the organization, and the activities for which the raised funds will be used. When we reached this section I was surprised with knowing that there are some fundraisers who dont believe in this methods as they can marketing any project even if they dont convinced by its value to society. The success of any fundraising program depends on the ability of staff to attract the participation of new potential donors. Goals are a strong motivator in any sales effort and consider the essence of fundraising. The fundraising team leadershould set the right types of goals in order to motivate his team. When a goal of fundraising campaign is set, it is important to be aware that the goal is high enough to motivatethe team to put extra effort, but it shouldnt be very high so it will be difficult to reach. However, if participants see the goal as realistic, theyll push themselves harder than you may have even dreamed possible, just to make sure they meet or exceed what is expected of them. One of the key skills of fundraising how to tell a donors and potential supporter about the work of the organisation, this skill is fundamental to fundraising.A good fundraiser should be able to show donors how their donation will transform the ability of the charity to meet the needs of its beneficiaries, and make a positive change. Before thinking about fundraising, the trustees and staff should put together a plan.And they should be clear about the key objectives and outcomes that neededto be achieved, and how fundraising will help achieve those goals. The fundraising cycle The Case for Support, explains in detail why a donor should give to the charity and therefore it should be clear, concise and motivating.It must contain enough information to enable a donor to make an informed decision.The case for support presents the rationale for supporting a fund-raising campaign or project. It is consider one of the most powerful tools that the organization can have in communicating its fundraising objective and in persuading potential donors to donate(Institute of fundraising, 2006). Therefore, it should articulate the organizations reason for being, its history, the integrity of its mission, vision, and programs, the good it does, the good it aspires to do, an assessment of need for the campaign, and the specifics of the campaigns objectives. The case should state the organizations unique ability to fill the demonstrated need of an identified constituency, affirm the efficiency of campaign planning, instil a feeling of intrinsic personal reward to the donor, a nd, very importantly, convey a sense of urgency ((Institute of fundraising, 2006). During this section the instructor ask us to prepare a case for support in five minutes, and then present it in front of others. It was a hard task as it was difficult to create a case for support in that few minutes but I tried to create a case for supporting a project based on forum theatre. I couldnt make a perfect case but it was not bad. The instructor explained why she needed us to finish this task in five minutes as we may meet a potential donor any where even in an elevator and we must to be prepared all the time. Also, research is essential to inform the charity about which donors might respond to the case for support. It will help identify the individuals, companies or trusts whom most likely to respond.Take into account any relevant internal and external factors that may influence the success of raising the fund. Organising activities ensure that the potential donors are adequately resourced. Finally,It is essential to monitor and evaluate the successes and failures of these activities, as it is consider a great mean of meeting and discussing potential donations. (Institute of Fundraising course book, 2010) Grant proposal One of the major techniques in fundraising is writing a grant proposal to donors or agencies. During the course I had to work on writing a grant proposal to understand in a practical way the weak points and how to improve it to achieve my goal and obtain the requested fund. The good proposal should contain some important elements to strengthen the project and make it accepted from the donors. Cover letter introduces the organization, its mission, and specifically states what the organizationis asking for from the donor. The cover letter includes the amount of requested fund. It is consider being a chance to let the funder know up front that the organization understandthe funding agencys goals, and thus fulfills their requirements. Executive Summary. The executive summary is considering one of the most challenging parts of the grant proposal because it should be concise and comprehensive. The summary should briefly showthe name of the project, services, procedures, targets group, objectives and expected outcome.The importance of the summary that funding agencies receive several funding proposals and may not be able to read it all, and therefore the summary need to describe the briefly and clearly the project. Statement of Need. In your statement of need, you must clearly articulate the need your grant proposal is addressing, and you must do it in a reader-friendly manner. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨The need statement, or problem statement, explains why the issue is important, and why your nonprofit is the right organization to provide a solution. Include background research, such as historical data, as well as stories that illustrate the need your proposal addresses. Goals and objectives. In this section, capture the grant reviewers attention with powerful, persuasive language. State what your nonprofit hopes to achieve, including specific results and/or outcomes, using key words like: Increase, reduce, provide, protect, improve and others. Your goals will be broad statements, and may be abstract. But its critical that your proposals objectives be concrete, precise and measurable. Objectives are explicit statements as to how you will work toward reaching your overarching goal.In preparing a project design, and when writing a proposal, the goals of the project are stated. The goal is easily defined as the solution to the problem that has been identified. The problem with such a goal is that it is too general; it is not easy to obtain consensus as to when it has been reached. That is why, when preparing project documents, a distinction is made between a goal and an objective. An objective is derived from a goal, has the same intention as a goal, bu t it is more specific, quantifiable and verifiable than the goal. When identifying objectives as part of an exercise in preparing a project design or proposal, use the SMART acronym as a checklist, to see if the objective is a good objective. The objectives must be derived from, and consistent with, the intention of the identified goals. SMART. stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-Bound. Methodology. The methods section of your grant proposal tells the reviewer how your nonprofit will accomplish its stated objectives. Your methods must be clear and concise, and leave no doubts in a reviewers mind. Write the methods section with the assumption the reader knows nothing about your nonprofit or your project. In addition to tying your program design to your objectives, this section should reference your statement of need and your budget. All methods and activities must be feasible and logical. Evaluation. The evaluation section is where many nonprofit grant proposals fall short. It is also one of the most important sections for grant reviewers. The evaluation section is where you explicitly state how you will measure your projects results. Granting agencies want to know your accomplishments will be objectively measurable, and that there will be hard evidence that their dollars did some good. Clearly state what records you will keep and/or what data you will collect. Data may be quantitative, qualitative, or a combination. Project Sustainability. Grant agencies want their funds to both produce results and facilitate future results through project sustainability-either with or without their additional help. Indeed, if youve written a strong grant proposal so far, the reviewer will care deeply about seeing that your services continue over the long term. In the sustainability section, state your future plans for the project, after the grant money requested has been used. In other words, tell the grantor how your organization will raise money to continue its programs in the future. Your future-funding plan can include a mix of strategies and sources Organizational Information. The organizational information section is where you provide detailed information about your nonprofit organization. This is also where you write to impress the reviewer. Spin a compelling narrative about the uniqueness of your nonprofit and include a brief summary of your statement of need. Using persuasive dialogue, let funders know that your organization is the best qualified to carry out the projects you have outlined. Explain your nonprofits history and background, provide its mission statement, describe its programs, state the recipients of its services, and give its track record to date. Offer a compelling overview of your nonprofits role in the community, and its important accomplishments. Budget. The budget section must be professionally done in order to create confidence in the organization. In this section, the project cost must be shown with providing an explanation of each expense. This is called a detailed budget that include project expenses, administrative, and every other expanse. Also it must include any expected income. The last task of the course Our last task in this course was creating a fundraising plan for a small local heritage preservation charity, which was elected the best charity of the year from a local supermarket chain. A workhouse in the local community was about to be demolished as it was very old and needs renovations. Our mission was to convince the board of members of the local charity of the importance of buying this workhouseas heritage representative, as well as planning a whole fundraising plans to buy, renovate and use this workhouse. It was a very useful activity in this course because it rape up what we learnt in the course and put it in a practical shape, which benefit the whole group. The experience I got from this course will help me in my career, as I needed this knowledge to complete my study in theatre and development. This course was beneficial to me in many aspects; first I learnt the basic of being a successful fundraiser, second it gave me the opportunity to meet other people who work in the field of fund raising which I benefit from there various experiences, finally this course introduce me to a available knowledge which I think I need in my career, for this I decided to learn more about NGO management to help improving the NGO I am working with. Conclusion Attending this course benefit me in understanding the foundation of fundraising practice, which can be concluded in relationship building between fundraisers and the donors.As in order to get people on your side you need to foster a relationship with them. Reaching out to people bypreparing acase for supporting your cause or project, which they can relate to and sympathize with, is essential. Also understanding the motives of donors help you in strengthen you relationship with them depending on their motives in donating to your NGO. Teamwork benefit improving the relation between the fundraisers and donors as the members of the teamwork together to achieve one goal which is convincing donors to donate to their NGO of supporting their project. Understanding fundraising techniques help in improving the status of the charity as by using the case for support technique a fundraiser can raise fund and donation almost anytime and anywhere. Also organising different activities helps in building a good environment to meet new potential donors. Finally using a good application or project proposal helps the donor in understanding the value of the proposed project also allow him to trust the NGO who ask for this donation. The main elements strengthen the application are writing a cover letter which is consider a very important element as it present the NGO, its mission statement and what this NGO needs from the donor. The next step is writing the executive summary that gives an overview of the idea of the project. It is consider the most challenging parts of the proposal, as it should be both comprehensive and concise. Using SMART objectives helps the donors in understanding the project as it show, summaries and frame the objectives of the project. Preparing a reasonable budget helps in building confidence in the organization. This budget must show and clarify the whole expenses of the project whether it was major or minor expenses. Finally the planning of sustainability of the project strengthen the proposal as donors want their funds to both produce results and facilitate future results through project sustainability either with or without their additional help. Using all these elements in the grant proposal raise the opportunity in persuading the donors to donate to this project.